Thumb and Finger Sucking
Thumb or finger sucking habits are quite normal in infancy and early childhood. Many children have these habits for their first few years of life and then stop naturally on their own. It is unnecessary to cause undue attention to these habits at a very early age, as it may cause more harm than good.
Sucking habits become a concern when they are considered excessive. The intensity, frequency, and duration of the habit are factors that can help you determine if your child’s sucking habit is excessive.
Ask yourself the questions below as a guide:
Intensity: Is the thumb/finger being sucked forcefully enough that the thumb has developed calluses, or changed shape? Can you see strong contraction of the cheeks during the sucking?
Frequency: Does the sucking occur all day and all night? Does it occur in public or around non-family members?
Duration: How many years has the habit persisted? (If permanent teeth become involved, there is greater concern.)
What Age Should the Habit be Stopped?
Sucking habits begin to cause developmental problems to the dental and facial structures if they last beyond 3 years of age. If the sucking habit is excessive, the sooner the problem is identified and addressed, the better!
Facial Growth and Development
The front teeth are the most noticeable structure to be negatively impacted by a thumb or finger sucking habit. However, the entire growth pattern and development of the face can be altered when an excessive sucking habit is present.
These are the most common growth problems associated with sucking habits:
Teeth: A dental “open bite” may form, as well as a cross bite of the back teeth, and/or an over-jet. A “buck tooth” appearance is created by the pressure of the thumb on the front teeth.
Upper Jaw: Forms narrow and high, leaving less space for the nasal sinuses, often affecting the airway and breathing. The tongue can no longer fit easily in the palate, where it should naturally rest.
Lower Jaw: Develops smaller and less prominent, creating a “weak chin” appearance. The profile can be drastically changed by the pressure of the thumb resting on the lower jaw and lower teeth.
Tongue: The tongue is trained to rest low and forward in the mouth by the thumb. An abnormal “tongue thrust” swallow is learned affecting eating, drinking, breathing, speech, appearance, and rest posture of the face.
Appearance: A longer, narrower, and flattened face shape is assumed. All of the structures have grown in downward patterns, as the jaw and mouth are constantly open to accommodate the thumb or finger. The jaw bones and cheek bones form to be much less prominent. A general ‘dull’ or sleepy appearance is common.
How can a Myofunctional Therapist help?
A myofunctional therapist can be an instrumental figure in helping to stop a sucking habit. Some children need positive reinforcement from an outside source to help them become motivated to stop the habit. Treating underlying myofunctional disorders is the key to treating thumb sucking and other oral habits. Myofunctional therapists are specially trained to help children and adults gain control over habits in a very positive and non-threatening manner.
Teaching the tongue muscles to live on the roof of the mouth typically will give the stimulation to the palate that the thumb used to provide. Establishing a pattern of nasal breathing, tongue on the roof of the mouth, lips closed with a correct swallowing pattern will provide the foundation to break the habit of thumb sucking. (We will divide the neurological need for palatal stiumlation from the daily habit of thumb sucking. This treatment pattern has worked for many of Dave’s patients will help your child as well. No matter how your child is able to break the habit, a consultation with a myofunctional therapist can be very valuable.
The Habit Has Stopped, Should I Still See an Oral Myofunctional Therapist?
YES! Even if the habit has stopped, the musculature does not always return to “normal” on its own. Often, because the child or adult has used the facial and oral muscles incorrectly for many years, these muscles need to be re-trained in order to function naturally. Unless the underlying cause of thumb sucking, finger sucking, object sucking or nail biting has been addressed the underlying myofunctional disorders will manifest in other habits that affect the formation of the mouth, and lead to a lifetime of jaw problems, orthodontic alignment issues, and sleep disorders.
A “tongue thrust” is the lasting effect of a sucking habit and is considered to be symptom of a myofunctional disorder. If the muscles are not re-trained, problems with speech, orthodontic treatment, dental health, swallowing, breathing, and sleep may persist throughout life. Myofunctional therapy is needed to make muscular changes in order to correct a tongue thrust, mouth breathing, and low tongue posture.
Dave has specialized training in oral habit elimination including thumb sucking and will work with patients and their parents to eliminate the underlying muscular causes of thumb sucking and will then work with you to eliminate the patterns and habits that start the thumb sucking routines.